By Massodih Okon | Senior Exam Preparation Researcher | Updated: March 2026 | Reading Time: 15 minutes
Let me go straight to the point with you.
Every year, I receive messages from students who scored 240, 250, even 265 in JAMB and still did not get admitted into Medicine. And when I ask them what happened, the answer is always the same: they did not understand how the system actually works.
They thought a decent JAMB score was enough. It is not.
Admission into Medicine and Surgery (MBBS) in Nigeria is the most competitive admission process in the country. It involves your JAMB score, your post-UTME performance, your O’Level grades, your catchment area, and the specific policies of the university you chose. Miss one layer of this process and your score becomes useless, no matter how high it is.
This guide covers everything you need to know about the JAMB cut-off mark for Medicine in Nigeria in 2026. I will break down the national benchmark, the university-by-university score requirements, how aggregate scores are calculated, what your O’Level results must look like, and the practical steps you must take to stay competitive. I have also included a full FAQ section at the end to answer the most common questions students ask me.
Read this guide carefully. Then read it again. In a course as competitive as Medicine, the difference between admission and rejection is often just one decision made at the wrong time.
What Is the JAMB Cut-Off Mark for Medicine in Nigeria?
The JAMB cut-off mark for Medicine in Nigeria is the minimum UTME score a candidate must have before a university will even consider their application for Medicine and Surgery (MBBS or MBChB).
However, I want you to understand that there are two separate cut-off benchmarks, and confusing them is one of the most expensive mistakes a medical aspirant can make.
1. JAMB General Cut-Off Mark (National Benchmark)
This is the minimum score JAMB sets for all candidates applying to Nigerian tertiary institutions. For 2026, the general benchmarks are:
- Universities: 140
- Polytechnics: 100
- Colleges of Education: 100
Scoring 140 makes you technically eligible to apply to a university. But for Medicine? 140 is not even close.
2. Departmental Cut-Off Mark for Medicine
Every university sets its own departmental minimum for Medicine, which is far above JAMB’s general benchmark. Based on historical admission data from 2020 to 2025, the competitive minimum for Medicine across Nigerian universities is 250, and most serious candidates are scoring 280 and above.
| Category | Score Range | Meaning | Admission Chance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum Competitive Score | 250 – 269 | Meets basic departmental consideration in some schools | Low (only less competitive universities) |
| Average Competitive Score | 270 – 279 | Fairly competitive for many universities | Moderate |
| Highly Competitive Score | 280 – 299 | Strong score for top federal and state universities | High |
| Exceptional Score | 300+ | Outstanding performance | Very High (top priority candidates) |
If your score falls below 250, your Medicine admission chances in any federal or reputable state university become very narrow. Below 220, even private universities will question your application.
I explain exactly how these scores translate into admission decisions in my full guide on JAMB cut-off marks for all universities in Nigeria, which also covers how to interpret CAPS decisions.
Why Is the JAMB Cut-Off Mark for Medicine So High?
Many students ask me this question, and I think it deserves a direct answer.
Medicine is not expensive to get into simply because it is popular. It is expensive because the system is deliberately designed to select only the strongest candidates. Here is why.
1. Admission Quotas Are Strictly Regulated
Medical schools in Nigeria do not decide how many students they can admit on their own. That number is regulated by two bodies: the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN) and the National Universities Commission (NUC). Most universities are allowed to admit fewer than 100 to 150 Medicine students per year. Some admit fewer than 80. This is non-negotiable.
2. The Competition Is Extreme
Medicine consistently attracts the highest-scoring candidates across Nigeria. Students with 280, 300, even 320 in JAMB are applying for the same limited slots. When your competitors are scoring that high, the cut-off mark naturally rises because the university is selecting from the top of the distribution, not the middle.
3. The Academic Demands Are Real
Medical training requires a candidate who can handle heavy content in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics simultaneously, sustain that performance across 6 to 7 years, and function under clinical pressure. Universities raise the entry bar deliberately because a student who struggles academically in year one of a medical programme is unlikely to make it through anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology combined.
4. O’Level and Post-UTME Add Additional Layers
Even if two candidates score exactly the same in JAMB, the one with stronger O’Level grades and a better post-UTME score will win the slot. This means your JAMB score, while important, is only one part of a multi-stage filter.
JAMB Cut-Off Mark for Medicine by University in Nigeria (2026)
Let me be clear about something important before you read this table. No Nigerian university publicly publishes a fixed departmental cut-off mark for Medicine the way JAMB publishes its general benchmark. What universities do is review all qualified applicants each year and admit from the top down until their quota is filled.
The figures below are based on verified admission patterns from 2020 to 2025</strong>, consultations with admission officers, and the lowest scores confirmed admitted candidates reported during each cycle. Use them as realistic benchmarks, not guarantees.
Federal Universities — Medicine Cut-Off Marks (MBBS)
| S/N | University | State | JAMB Cut-Off Range (Medicine) | Post-UTME/Screening Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of Ibadan | Oyo | 280 – 320+ | Very competitive; high aggregate needed |
| 2 | University of Lagos | Lagos | 270 – 310+ | Strong Post-UTME performance required |
| 3 | Obafemi Awolowo University | Osun | 270 – 310+ | High screening score required |
| 4 | Ahmadu Bello University | Kaduna | 260 – 300+ | Slightly flexible but still competitive |
| 5 | University of Nigeria | Enugu | 270 – 310+ | Merit list highly competitive |
| 6 | University of Benin | Edo | 260 – 300+ | Requires strong aggregate score |
| 7 | University of Ilorin | Kwara | 260 – 300+ | Consistently high cut-off |
| 8 | University of Port Harcourt | Rivers | 270 – 310+ | High screening score needed |
| 9 | Bayero University Kano | Kano | 250 – 290+ | Slightly lower but still competitive |
| 10 | Usmanu Danfodiyo University | Sokoto | 240 – 280+ | More flexible compared to others |
| 11 | University of Calabar | Cross River | 250 – 290+ | Competitive but moderate range |
| 12 | University of Maiduguri | Borno | 230 – 270+ | Lower range due to fewer applicants |
| 13 | Federal University of Technology Owerri | Imo | 260 – 300+ | Highly competitive in recent years |
| 14 | Nnamdi Azikiwe University | Anambra | 260 – 300+ | Requires high aggregate |
| 15 | University of Uyo | Akwa Ibom | 240 – 280+ | Moderate competition level |
Important note on UI and OAU: These two universities are consistently the most competitive medical schools in Nigeria. In most admission cycles from 2021 to 2025, the lowest confirmed admitted score for Medicine at UI was between 300 and 310. If you are targeting UI or OAU for Medicine, your working minimum should be 300, not 280.
If you are applying to UNILAG specifically, I have a dedicated guide on UNILAG cut-off marks and requirements for 2026 that covers how their aggregate system works for Medicine and other competitive courses.
State Universities — Medicine Cut-Off Marks (Nigeria)
| State University | State | Course | JAMB Cut-Off Mark (Approx.) | Post-UTME Aggregate (Typical) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lagos State University (LASU) | Lagos | Medicine and Surgery | 260 – 280 | 75% – 85% |
| Delta State University (DELSU) | Delta | Medicine and Surgery | 250 – 270 | 70% – 80% |
| Ambrose Alli University (AAU) | Edo | Medicine and Surgery | 240 – 260 | 65% – 75% |
| Abia State University (ABSU) | Abia | Medicine and Surgery | 240 – 260 | 65% – 75% |
| Enugu State University (ESUT) | Enugu | Medicine and Surgery | 250 – 270 | 70% – 80% |
| Rivers State University (RSU) | Rivers | Medicine and Surgery | 250 – 270 | 70% – 80% |
| Ekiti State University (EKSU) | Ekiti | Medicine and Surgery | 250 – 270 | 70% – 80% |
| Osun State University (UNIOSUN) | Osun | Medicine and Surgery | 250 – 270 | 70% – 80% |
| Imo State University (IMSU) | Imo | Medicine and Surgery | 240 – 260 | 65% – 75% |
| Benue State University (BSU) | Benue | Medicine and Surgery | 240 – 260 | 65% – 75% |
| Kaduna State University (KASU) | Kaduna | Medicine and Surgery | 240 – 260 | 65% – 75% |
| Ebonyi State University (EBSU) | Ebonyi | Medicine and Surgery | 250 – 270 | 70% – 80% |
| Ondo State University of Medical Sciences (UNIMED) | Ondo | Medicine and Surgery | 260 – 280 | 75% – 85% |
| Plateau State University (PLASU) | Plateau | Medicine and Surgery | 230 – 250 | 60% – 70% |
State universities offer a genuine advantage to candidates who reside in the state. If you are from Akwa Ibom State, for example, UNIUYO is a serious strategic option. I covered how this works in detail in my UniUyo cut-off marks guide for all courses.
Private Universities — Medicine Cut-Off Marks (Nigeria)
| S/N | Private University | Estimated JAMB Cut-Off Mark (Medicine) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD) | 220 – 250+ |
| 2 | Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo | 200 – 240+ |
| 3 | Bowen University, Iwo | 200 – 230+ |
| 4 | Igbinedion University, Okada | 180 – 230+ |
| 5 | Madonna University, Elele/Okija | 180 – 230+ |
| 6 | Bingham University, Karu | 180 – 230+ |
| 7 | Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja | 180 – 230+ |
| 8 | PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt | 200 – 230+ |
| 9 | Gregory University, Uturu | 180 – 220+ |
| 10 | Baze University, Abuja | 180+ |
| 11 | Novena University, Ogume | 160 – 220+ |
| 12 | Eko University of Medical & Health Sciences | 180 – 230+ |
| 13 | Elrazi Medical University, Kano | 185+ |
A word on private universities: do not treat them as easy routes. Yes, the JAMB score threshold is lower. But all accredited private medical schools conduct their own internal screening examinations, and those exams are not easy. A candidate with 235 who prepares poorly for the internal test will still lose their slot.
JAMB Subject Combination for Medicine in Nigeria
Before we go any further, let me address something that disqualifies candidates before their score is even considered.
If you choose the wrong subjects for JAMB, your score becomes irrelevant. It does not matter if you score 320. A wrong subject combination means automatic disqualification at the screening stage, and there is no appeal process for it.
The compulsory JAMB subject combination for Medicine and Surgery (MBBS/MBChB) is:
- English Language, compulsory for all candidates
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Physics
These four subjects are not negotiable. Every medical school in Nigeria, whether federal, state, or private, requires this exact combination. Some candidates substitute Physics with Mathematics, thinking it is acceptable. It is not accepted by most medical schools. Do not take that risk.
Every year, I see brilliant students lose Medicine admission simply because they picked the wrong fourth subject during JAMB registration. Getting your subject combination right is the first step, not an afterthought.
If you want to understand how JAMB’s scoring works across your four subjects, read my guide on how JAMB calculates your score and marks per question. It will help you understand which subjects to prioritise during preparation.
O’Level Requirements for Medicine in Nigerian Universities
Your O’Level result is not just a supporting document. In Medicine, it is an active screening tool that universities use to rank candidates sometimes even before JAMB scores are compared.
Minimum O’Level Subjects Required
You must have at least five credit passes in the following subjects:
- English Language — A1 to C6
- Mathematics — A1 to C6
- Biology— A1 to C6 (aim for B2 or above)
- Chemistry— A1 to C6 (aim for B2 or above)
- Physics A1 to C6 (aim for B3 or above)
These five must all be credit passes, not passes. A “P7” or “P8” in Biology does not count and will disqualify your O’Level result for Medicine regardless of your JAMB score.
One Sitting vs Two Sittings: Why It Matters
This is one of the most underrated factors in Medicine admission. Many candidates do not realise that top federal universities, especially UI, OAU, and UNILAG, give clear preference to candidates who obtained all five credits in one sitting.
Two-sitting results are accepted, but when the admission list is tight and two candidates have similar JAMB scores and aggregate marks, the one with a one-sitting O’Level result almost always wins. I have seen this happen repeatedly across admission cycles.
Grade Benchmarks That Actually Compete
| Grade Range | Competitive Status for Medicine |
|---|---|
| A1 – B2 in all science subjects | Highly competitive; qualifies for top federal universities |
| B3 – C4 in science subjects | Competitive for state and private universities |
| C5 – C6 in science subjects | Borderline; risky even for private universities |
| D7 or below | Disqualifying not accepted as a credit pass |
Here is something I tell every candidate I work with: a student with B2 in Chemistry, B2 in Biology, and a JAMB score of 275 will often beat a student with C6 in both subjects and a JAMB score of 290. That is how heavily O’Level grades are weighted in competitive medical admissions.
How Nigerian Universities Calculate Aggregate Scores for Medicine
This section is where many students lose their way. They score well in JAMB, they score well in post-UTME, and they still do not understand why someone else got the slot. The reason is usually the aggregate calculation.
Most Nigerian universities use a 50/50 weighted aggregate formula
JAMB UTME score = 50% of your aggregate
Post-UTME score = 50% of your aggregate
Step-by-Step Aggregate Calculation Example
Candidate A:
JAMB Score: 300 out of 400 → 300 ÷ 4 = 75 points
Post-UTME Score: 70 out of 100 → 70 ÷ 2 = 35 points
Aggregate = 75 + 35 = 110 (out of 150)
B Candidate
JAMB Score: 270 out of 400 → 270 ÷ 4 = 67.5 points
Post-UTME Score: 90 out of 100 → 90 ÷ 2 = 45 points
Aggregate = 67.5 + 45 = 112.5 (out of 150)
Candidate B wins the higher aggregate despite a lower JAMB score, purely because of a stronger post-UTME performance. This is why I keep telling students: do not neglect post-UTME preparation. It can completely overturn the JAMB leaderboard.
Some universities adjust this formula slightly. UNILAG, for instance, has used a formula that includes O’Level grades as a third component in certain years. Always check the specific university’s admission guidelines before you assume the formula is standard.
To understand how JAMB scores are converted in this formula, see my detailed breakdown of JAMB’s scoring pattern and portal information for 2026
And if you want to understand what happens after you submit your CAPS choice, read my guide on the Direct Entry admission process in Nigeria it explains how JAMB processes admission decisions at the institutional level.
How Catchment Area and ELDS Affect Medicine Admission
This is something most guides skip over. I will not skip it because it has cost thousands of candidates their admission.
Nigerian universities give catchment advantage to candidates from their host state and surrounding states. This means two candidates with the same aggregate score may not have the same admission outcome if one is a catchment candidate and the other is not.
Additionally, the federal government’s policy on Educationally Less Developed States (ELDS) means that candidates from certain states benefit from adjusted cut-off benchmarks in federal universities. This policy exists to encourage wider educational access across Nigeria.
What This Means for You Practically
- If you are from Akwa Ibom State and you choose UNIUYO as your first choice, your catchment status is an advantage.
- If you are from a southern state and you apply to ABU Zaria, you are not a catchment candidate and will be competing in the general pool with higher benchmarks.
- If your state qualifies as an ELDS, research whether the federal university you are applying to honours that status for Medicine specifically, because some departments maintain their own internal standards regardless of ELDS policy.
Choosing the right institution for your profile is a strategic decision, not just an academic one. I recommend reading my guide on how to gain admission without relying solely on JAMB, which covers alternative pathways and strategic school selection for candidates in difficult admission positions.
Post-UTME Preparation for Medicine: What You Must Know
Post-UTME is not a formality. For Medicine, it is a second major examination, and in many universities it is the stage where the most candidates are eliminated.
Here is what post-UTME for Medicine typically covers:
Biology: cell biology, genetics, human physiology, ecology
Chemistry: organic chemistry, periodic table, chemical reactions, mole concept
Physics: mechanics, waves, electricity, optics
English/Comprehension: some universities include this, others do not
The format varies by university. UI uses an objective paper. UNILAG conducts both objective and short-answer questions. OAU’s screening is particularly rigorous in the sciences. Know your target school’s post-UTME format before you start preparing, because preparing for UNILAG’s format is different from preparing for OAU’s.
To understand what scores you need to target and how to prepare correctly, read my guide on how to score 300 and above in JAMB, which also covers the preparation mindset that translates directly to post-UTME success.
And if you want to understand the full picture of how JAMB marks are awarded in the first place, my JAMB marking scheme guide for 2026 explains exactly how each correct answer is scored and how negative marking works.
Comparing Medicine with Other Competitive Courses
Many students ask me whether they should aim for Medicine or consider other competitive courses if their score is not strong enough. This is a reasonable question, and it deserves a direct answer.
Nursing and Engineering are two of the courses most commonly considered alongside Medicine by science students.
The JAMB cut-off mark for Nursing is lower than Medicine, typically between 200 and 250 in most universities, and the post-UTME competition is less intense. However, Nursing has its own MDCN and NUC regulations and should not be treated as a consolation course. If Nursing is your genuine calling, pursue it with full commitment. You can read my full guide on the JAMB cut-off mark for Nursing in 2026 for a detailed breakdown.
For Engineering, the score requirements are also competitive, particularly for Petroleum Engineering and Electrical/Electronic Engineering at top federal universities. My guide on the JAMB cut-off mark for Engineering courses in 2026 covers the requirements across all Engineering disciplines.
My advice: do not choose a course based on cut-off marks alone. Choose based on your strength, your interest, and a realistic assessment of your score. Then prepare to meet that course’s requirements fully.
Step-by-Step Strategy to Secure Medicine Admission in 2026
Let me give you a practical action plan, not just information.
Step 1: Target a Minimum JAMB Score of 280
If you are aiming for a federal university, 280 is your floor, not your ceiling. Your actual preparation target should be 300 or above, because competition from other candidates will push the effective cut-off higher than the advertised benchmark. Anything below 260 seriously narrows your options to private universities and some state schools.
Step 2: Secure Strong O’Level Grades Before Worrying About JAMB
If you have not yet written WAEC, NECO, or NABTEB, your O’Level grades are still within your control. Aim for A1 or B2 in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. These grades will strengthen your aggregate and give you an edge over candidates with the same JAMB score but weaker results.
Step 3: Choose Your University Strategically
Do not apply to UI or OAU if your realistic score is 265. Apply to institutions where your score places you in the competitive range, not at the bottom of the list. Use catchment advantage where you can. Consider state universities if your state school has an accredited Medicine programme.
Step 4: Prepare Specifically for Post-UTME
Start post-UTME preparation the day your JAMB result is released. Do not wait. The window between JAMB results and post-UTME screening is short. Practise past post-UTME papers from your target school. Focus heavily on Chemistry and Biology, which tend to carry more weight in medical post-UTME papers.
Step 5: Monitor CAPS Actively
Once admission lists begin, check your JAMB CAPS portal daily. Candidates who stop checking after the first list miss supplementary and merit list opportunities. Some students gain admission on the third or fourth list simply because they were alert while others assumed it was over.
Step 6: Know Your Alternative Pathways
If your score does not secure direct entry into Medicine in 2026, pre-degree and JUPEB programmes are structured alternative pathways into medical schools. These are not shortcuts. They are legitimate routes that many practising doctors in Nigeria used. Plan your pathway early rather than wasting another full year repeating UTME without a strategy.
Common Mistakes Medicine Aspirants Make (And How to Avoid Them)
Mistake 1: Applying with a Score Below 250
Some candidates apply to federal universities for Medicine with 230 or 240, hoping for luck. It is not a question of luck. It is a queue, and you will not reach the front of that queue with a below-average score for a highly competitive programme. Use your time wisely and either target the right school for your score or prepare harder for a resit.
Mistake 2: Neglecting Post-UTME Preparation
I have seen students with 300 in JAMB fail post-UTME and lose their slot. Post-UTME is not easier than JAMB. It is sometimes harder because it is designed specifically for the faculty you are entering, meaning the science questions are more targeted and detailed.
Mistake 3: Wrong Subject Combination
Substituting Physics with Mathematics or Agricultural Science is the most common subject combination mistake for Medicine. Many students only discover this error during screening, at which point it is too late to correct it.
Mistake 4: Ignoring Catchment and ELDS Advantages
If you are from a state where a federal university is located or from an ELDS, not using that advantage is a missed opportunity. The admission system in Nigeria rewards strategic awareness, not just academic performance.
Mistake 5: Depending on Unverified Cut-Off Information
Social media is full of people who claim specific cut-off marks for specific universities without any source. Always cross-check cut-off mark information with the university’s official admission portal or the JAMB CAPS system. Rumours about cut-off marks have misled thousands of candidates into wrong school choices.
Frequently Asked Questions About JAMB Cut-Off Mark for Medicine
What is the minimum JAMB score to study Medicine in Nigeria?
The national minimum is 140 (JAMB’s general cut-off), but no serious university will consider you for Medicine below 250. Federal universities like UI, OAU, and UNILAG require a realistic minimum of 280 to 300 before your application receives serious consideration. Private universities accept lower scores some from 220 but they conduct their own rigorous internal screening.
Can I get into Medicine with 200 in JAMB?
No federal or reputable state university will admit you into Medicine with 200. Even some private universities will reject an application at that score. A score of 200 may qualify you for less competitive courses in the sciences, but it is not sufficient for Medicine and Surgery anywhere in Nigeria.
Which Nigerian university accepts the lowest cut-off mark for Medicine?
Among accredited medical schools, Madonna University, Bowen University, and Igbinedion University have historically worked with lower JAMB thresholds sometimes from 220. However, these schools all conduct internal screening examinations that are independent of JAMB, and performance in those exams carries significant weight. Do not assume a low JAMB threshold means easy admission.
Does catchment area reduce the cut-off mark for Medicine?
Yes, catchment area can lower the effective competitive benchmark for candidates from the host state and surrounding states. However, catchment advantage does not eliminate the baseline score requirement. A Lagos resident applying to LASU for Medicine still needs a competitive score the advantage is relative, not absolute.
Is post-UTME compulsory for Medicine in all universities?
Most Nigerian universities conduct post-UTME for Medicine. A small number of schools use only JAMB score and O’Level grades for screening, without a separate post-UTME examination. Always confirm with the specific university before assuming their process. Post-UTME is compulsory in all major federal universities for Medicine.
What subjects do I need for Medicine in JAMB?
Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and English Language. All four are compulsory. There are no alternatives or substitutions accepted by accredited medical schools in Nigeria. Choosing a different fourth subject will lead to disqualification at the screening stage regardless of your score.
Can I study Medicine through Direct Entry?
Yes. If you hold an A-Level, IJMB, or JUPEB result with strong passes in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, you can apply for Medicine through the Direct Entry route. Direct Entry for Medicine is also competitive, and the subject requirements remain the same. My full guide on Direct Entry admission covers the process in detail.
What aggregate score do I need to be admitted into Medicine?
Most federal universities require an aggregate of 75% to 85% or above for Medicine, depending on the year and the number of qualified applicants. Using a standard 50/50 formula (JAMB 50%, post-UTME 50%), a candidate who scores 300 in JAMB and 80% in post-UTME will have an aggregate of approximately 77.5%, which is competitive for most federal universities.
Conclusion: What You Do With This Information Is What Matters
The JAMB cut-off mark for Medicine in Nigeria is not a single number you can memorise and move on from. It is a moving target shaped by competition, institutional policies, O’Level grades, post-UTME performance, and strategic school selection. Understanding all of these layers is what separates the candidates who gain admission from those who spend another year waiting.
Here is what I want you to take away from this guide:
- Target 280 and above in JAMB if you are serious about Medicine in a federal university.
- Secure strong O’Level grades especially in Biology and Chemistry because they matter more than most candidates realise.
- Prepare for post-UTME with the same intensity you give JAMB. It is not a formality.
- Choose your university based on your actual score, not on prestige alone.
- Use catchment and ELDS advantages if they apply to you.
- Stay active on CAPS throughout the admission period.
Medicine is a long journey, six to seven years of rigorous academic work before you even begin residency training. But the candidates who understand the admission system, prepare deliberately, and make informed decisions are the ones who begin that journey on time.
Bookmark this page and return to it as the 2026 admission cycle progresses. Share it with anyone preparing for Medicine admission this year. And if you have a specific question not covered here, use the comment section below or visit our contact page.
References
Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB)
National Universities Commission (NUC)
Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN)
Written by Massodih Okon, Senior Exam Preparation Researcher and Academic Education Content Specialist. Massodih holds a First Degree in Geography and a Master’s Degree in Urban and Regional Planning from the University of Uyo. He has over 10 years of experience developing exam-focused learning resources for Nigerian students. His research has been published in the Journal of Environmental Design, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Uyo (Volume 16, No. 1, 2021). All content is reviewed for accuracy and updated regularly.